Classic Papers in Pediatric Orthopaedics

Pool built 2026-09-23 · All specialties

These are the 100 most-cited papers published in the Pediatric Orthopaedics journals, ranked by lifetime citations (via OpenAlex; retracted papers excluded). The daily digest draws its classic slot from this pool — subscribe to get one with your new articles, or browse the Pediatric Orthopaedics archive.

1. Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

   J Pediatr Orthop · 1988 · cited 1,228 times

2. Epidemiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

   Markus Rafael Konieczny, Hüsseyin Senyurt, Rüdiger Krauspe — J Child Orthop · 2012 · cited 1,173 times

3. Gait Analysis

   Jacquelin Perry, k Slac, Jon Robert Davids — J Pediatr Orthop · 1992 · cited 1,118 times

4. Disorders of Bone and Mineral Metabolism

   F. L. Coe, Murray J. Favus, Jon Robert Davids — J Pediatr Orthop · 1992 · cited 733 times

5. Limb Lengthening by Callus Distraction (Callotasis)

   G. De Bastiani, Roberto Aldegheri, Lodovico Renzi-Brivio et al. — J Pediatr Orthop · 1987 · cited 638 times

6. Operative Nerve Repair and Reconstruction

   Richard H. Gelberman — J Pediatr Orthop · 1992 · cited 632 times

7. Classification of Clubfoot

   Alain Diméglio, H Bensahel, PH. Souchet et al. — J Pediatr Orthop B · 1995 · cited 589 times

8. The POSNA Pediatric Musculoskeletal Functional Health Questionnaire: Report on Reliability, Validity, and Sensitivity to Change

   Lawren Hugh Daltroy, Matthew H. Liang, Anne H. Fossel et al. — J Pediatr Orthop · 1998 · cited 568 times

9. Guided Growth for Angular Correction

   Peter M. Stevens — J Pediatr Orthop · 2007 · cited 503 times

10. Diagnosis of Bone and Joint Disorders

    Dennis R. Wenger — J Pediatr Orthop · 1988 · cited 501 times

11. Epidemiology of Childrenʼs Fractures

    L. Landín — J Pediatr Orthop B · 1997 · cited 490 times

12. The Lateral Pillar Classification of Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease

    John A. Herring, Jeffrey B. Neustadt, John James Williams et al. — J Pediatr Orthop · 1992 · cited 466 times

13. Titanium Elastic Nails for Pediatric Femur Fractures: A Multicenter Study of Early Results with Analysis of Complications

    John M. “Jack” Flynn, Timothy M. Hresko, Richard A. K. Reynolds et al. — J Pediatr Orthop · 2001 · cited 462 times

14. Long-term follow-up of slipped capital femoral epiphysis.

    Brian T. Carney, Stuart L. Weinstein, J. Gareth Noble — J Bone Joint Surg Am · 1991 · cited 454 times

15. Chronic Lack of Sleep is Associated With Increased Sports Injuries in Adolescent Athletes

    Matthew David Milewski, David L. Skaggs, Gregory A. Bishop et al. — J Pediatr Orthop · 2014 · cited 450 times

16. The Functional Mobility Scale (FMS)

    H. Kerr Graham, Adrienne R. Harvey, Jillian Rodda et al. — J Pediatr Orthop · 2004 · cited 450 times

17. Acute Patellar Dislocation in Children: Incidence and Associated Osteochondral Fractures

    Yrjänä A. Nietosvaara, Kari Aalto, Pentti Kallio — J Pediatr Orthop · 1994 · cited 437 times

18. Epidemiology of Pediatric Fractures Presenting to Emergency Departments in the United States

    Sameer Mahadeorao Naranje, Richard A. Erali, William C. Warner et al. — J Pediatr Orthop · 2015 · cited 425 times

19. Management of Cerebral Palsy with Botulinum-A Toxin

    L. Andrew Koman, James F. Mooney, Beth Paterson Smith et al. — J Pediatr Orthop · 1993 · cited 420 times

20. Titanium Elastic Nails for Pediatric Femur Fractures: A Multicenter Study of Early Results with Analysis of Complications

    John M. “Jack” Flynn, Timothy M. Hresko, Richard A. K. Reynolds et al. — J Pediatr Orthop · 2001 · cited 418 times

21. Growth in Pediatric Orthopaedics

    Alain Diméglio — J Pediatr Orthop · 2001 · cited 406 times

22. Management and complications of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in skeletally immature patients: survey of the Herodicus Society and The ACL Study Group.

    Mininder Singh Kocher, Hillary S. Saxon, W. David Hovis et al. — J Pediatr Orthop · 2002 · cited 399 times

23. Current Techniques of Limb Lengthening

    Dror Paley — J Pediatr Orthop · 1988 · cited 396 times

24. The Crankshaft Phenomenon

    Jean Dubousset, John A. Herring, Harry Shufflebarger — J Pediatr Orthop · 1989 · cited 393 times

25. The Textbook of Spinal Surgery

    Dennis R. Wenger — J Pediatr Orthop · 1997 · cited 371 times

26. The Functional Mobility Scale (FMS)

    H. Kerr Graham, Adrienne R. Harvey, Jillian Rodda et al. — J Pediatr Orthop · 2004 · cited 369 times

27. Natural Progression of Gait in Children With Cerebral Palsy

    Katharine J. Bell, Sylvia Õunpuu, Peter A. DeLuca et al. — J Pediatr Orthop · 2002 · cited 362 times

28. Changing Patterns of Acute Hematogenous Osteomyelitis and Septic Arthritis

    Sandra R. Arnold, David B. Elias, Steven C. Buckingham et al. — J Pediatr Orthop · 2006 · cited 358 times

29. Distribution of Physeal and Nonphyseal Fractures in 2,650 Long-Bone Fractures in Children Aged 0–16 Years

    David C. Mann, Salil Rajmaira — J Pediatr Orthop · 1990 · cited 357 times

30. A 10-year study of the changes in the pattern and treatment of 6,493 fractures.

    Jack C. Y. Cheng, B. Ng, S. Ying et al. — J Pediatr Orthop · 1999 · cited 350 times

31. The Epidemiology of Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis

    Charles L. Lehmann, Raymond R. Arons, Randall T. Loder et al. — J Pediatr Orthop · 2006 · cited 347 times

32. Flexible flatfoot in children and adolescents

    Vincent S. Mosca — J Child Orthop · 2010 · cited 347 times

33. Reliability and Validity of the Gillette Functional Assessment Questionnaire as an Outcome Measure in Children with Walking Disabilities

    Tom F. Novacheck, Jean L. Stout, Raymond C. Tervo — J Pediatr Orthop · 2000 · cited 344 times

34. Statistical Analysis of the Incidence of Physeal Injuries

    Tomoaki Mizuta, W. M. Benson, B. K. Foster et al. — J Pediatr Orthop · 1987 · cited 340 times

35. Trends in Pediatric and Adolescent Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury and Reconstruction

    Brian C. Werner, Scott Yang, Austin M. Looney et al. — J Pediatr Orthop · 2015 · cited 326 times

36. A 10-Year Study of the Changes in the Pattern and Treatment of 6,493 Fractures

    Jack C. Y. Cheng, Bobby K. W. Ng, S.Y Ying et al. — J Pediatr Orthop · 1999 · cited 322 times

37. The Demographics of Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis An International Multicenter Study

    Randall T. Loder — Clin Orthop Relat Res · 1996 · cited 322 times

38. Malunited Forearm Fractures in Children

    Charles T. Price, Donald S. Scott, Mitchell E. Kurzner et al. — J Pediatr Orthop · 1990 · cited 320 times

39. Management and Complications of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Skeletally Immature Patients: Survey of The Herodicus Society and The ACL Study Group

    Mininder Singh Kocher, Hillary S. Saxon, W. David Hovis et al. — J Pediatr Orthop · 2002 · cited 318 times

40. Prevalence of Specific Gait Abnormalities in Children With Cerebral Palsy

    Tishya A. L. Wren, Susan A. Rethlefsen, Robert M. Kay — J Pediatr Orthop · 2005 · cited 316 times

41. Management of Spasticity in Cerebral Palsy with Botulinum-A Toxin: Report of a Preliminary, Randomized, Double-Blind Trial

    L Andrew Koman, James F. Mooney, Beth Paterson Smith et al. — J Pediatr Orthop · 1994 · cited 313 times

42. Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita

    Judith G. Hall — J Pediatr Orthop B · 1997 · cited 310 times

43. Use and Abuse of Flexible Intramedullary Nailing in Children and Adolescents

    Pierre Lascombes, Thierry Haumont, Pierre Journeau — J Pediatr Orthop · 2006 · cited 309 times

44. The Textbook of Spinal Surgery

    Keith H. Bridwell, Ronald L. DeWald — J Pediatr Orthop · 1992 · cited 309 times

45. Elastic Stable Intramedullary Nailing in Forearm Shaft Fractures in Children: 85 Cases

    P. Lascombes, J. Prevot, J. N. Ligier et al. — J Pediatr Orthop · 1990 · cited 308 times

46. Ponseti versus traditional methods of casting for idiopathic clubfoot.

    John E. Herzenberg, Christof Radler, Noam Bor — J Pediatr Orthop · 2002 · cited 297 times

47. Three–Dimensional Lower Extremity Joint Kinetics in Normal Pediatric Gait

    Sylvia Õunpuu, James R. Gage, Reeta Davis — J Pediatr Orthop · 1991 · cited 296 times

48. Fundamentals of Sonographic Diagnosis of Infant Hip Dysplasia

    Reinhard Graf — J Pediatr Orthop · 1984 · cited 294 times

49. Predictors of Recurrent Patellar Instability in Children and Adolescents After First-time Dislocation

    Bradley P. Jaquith, Shital N. Parikh — J Pediatr Orthop · 2015 · cited 289 times

50. Ponseti Versus Traditional Methods of Casting for Idiopathic Clubfoot

    John E. Herzenberg, Christof Radler, Noam Bor — J Pediatr Orthop · 2002 · cited 286 times

51. Physeal Fractures: Part 1. Epidemiology in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1979-1988

    Hamlet A. Peterson, Rajan Madhok, Joanne T. Benson et al. — J Pediatr Orthop · 1994 · cited 283 times

52. The Impact of the Current Epidemiology of Pediatric Musculoskeletal Infection on Evaluation and Treatment Guidelines

    Omar A. Gafur, Lawson A. Copley, S. Tyler Hollmig et al. — J Pediatr Orthop · 2008 · cited 278 times

53. Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Pediatric and Adolescent Soccer Players: An Analysis of Insurance Data

    Kevin G. Shea, Ronald P. Pfeiffer, Jo Han Wang et al. — J Pediatr Orthop · 2004 · cited 278 times

54. Osteochondritis Dissecans

    Fritz Hefti, José Beguiristain, Ruediger Krauspe et al. — J Pediatr Orthop B · 1999 · cited 277 times

55. Growing Rod Techniques in Early-Onset Scoliosis

    George H. Thompson, Behrooz A. Akbarnia, Robert M. Campbell — J Pediatr Orthop · 2007 · cited 274 times

56. Reduction and Fixation of Displaced Radial Neck Fractures by Closed Intramedullary Pinning

    J.-P. Métaizeau, Pierre Lascombes, J.L. Lemelle et al. — J Pediatr Orthop · 1993 · cited 272 times

57. Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Pediatric and Adolescent Soccer Players: An Analysis of Insurance Data

    Kevin G. Shea, Ronald P. Pfeiffer, Jo Han Wang et al. — J Pediatr Orthop · 2004 · cited 271 times

58. Observations on Acute Knee Hemarthrosis in Children and Adolescents

    Carl L. Stanitski, James C. Harvell, Freddie H. Fu — J Pediatr Orthop · 1993 · cited 271 times

59. Botulinum toxin A compared with stretching casts in the treatment of spastic equinus: a randomised prospective trial.

    Ian S. Corry, Aidan Cosgrove, C.M. Duffy et al. — J Pediatr Orthop · 1998 · cited 269 times

60. Brachial Plexus Birth Palsy: A 10-Year Report on the Incidence and Prognosis

    Alan G. Greenwald, Pamela C. Schute, James L. Shiveley — J Pediatr Orthop · 1984 · cited 266 times

61. Percutaneous Epiphysiodesis Using Transphyseal Screws (PETS)

    Jean‐Paul Metaizeau, John Wong-Chung, Hélène Bertrand et al. — J Pediatr Orthop · 1998 · cited 265 times

62. The Natural History of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

    Stuart L. Weinstein — J Pediatr Orthop · 2019 · cited 259 times

63. Kingella Kingae Osteoarticular Infections in Young Children: Clinical Features and Contribution of a New Specific Real-time PCR Assay to the Diagnosis

    Dimitri Ceroni, Abdessalam Cherkaoui, Solène Ferey et al. — J Pediatr Orthop · 2010 · cited 258 times

64. Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis Associated with Endocrine Disorders

    Randall T. Loder, Brian Wittenberg, Greg DeSilva — J Pediatr Orthop · 1995 · cited 257 times

65. Infantile Torticollis

    Jack C. Y. Cheng, Annie W. Y. Au — J Pediatr Orthop · 1994 · cited 255 times

66. EOS ® biplanar X-ray imaging: Concept, developments, benefits, and limitations

    Elias R. Melhem, Ayman Assi, Rami Rachkidi et al. — J Child Orthop · 2016 · cited 255 times

67. Bone mineral density and fractures in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

    Christopher Michael Larson, Richard C. Henderson — J Pediatr Orthop · 2000 · cited 254 times

68. Traumatic and Iatrogenic Neurological Complications After Supracondylar Humerus Fractures in Children

    Ian C. Brown, Daniel M. Zinar — J Pediatr Orthop · 1995 · cited 253 times

69. Long-Term Follow-up of Hip Subluxation in Cerebral Palsy Patients

    Mark R. Bagg, Jeffery Farber, Freeman Miller — J Pediatr Orthop · 1993 · cited 250 times

70. Botulinum toxin type A neuromuscular blockade in the treatment of lower extremity spasticity in cerebral palsy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. BOTOX Study Group.

    L. Andrew Koman, James F. Mooney, Beth Peterson Smith et al. — J Pediatr Orthop · 2000 · cited 247 times

71. Neurovascular Injury and Displacement in Type III Supracondylar Humerus Fractures

    Crawford C. Campbell, Peter M. Waters, John B. Emans et al. — J Pediatr Orthop · 1995 · cited 244 times

72. Fracture Patterns in Nottingham Children

    Peter H. Worlock, Michael J. Stower — J Pediatr Orthop · 1986 · cited 244 times

73. SAPHO syndrome: A review

    Iva Rukavina — J Child Orthop · 2015 · cited 244 times

74. Etiology of Supracondylar Humerus Fractures

    Christine L. Farnsworth, Patricia D. Silva, Scott J. Mubarak — J Pediatr Orthop · 1998 · cited 240 times

75. The Geometry of Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis: Implications for Movement, Impingement, and Corrective Osteotomy

    George T. Rab — J Pediatr Orthop · 1999 · cited 238 times

76. Osseous Manifestations of Neurofibromatosis in Childhood

    A H Crawford, Nancy Bagamery — J Pediatr Orthop · 1986 · cited 238 times

77. Where Have All the Fractures Gone? The Epidemiology of Pediatric Fractures During the COVID-19 Pandemic

    Joshua T. Bram, Mitchell A. Johnson, Lacey C. Magee et al. — J Pediatr Orthop · 2020 · cited 236 times

78. Quantitative Segmental Analysis of Weight-Bearing Radiographs of the Foot and Ankle for Children

    Jon Robert Davids, Thomas W. G. Gibson, Linda I. Pugh — J Pediatr Orthop · 2005 · cited 235 times

79. The evolution of gait in childhood and adolescent cerebral palsy.

    David Copeland Johnson, Diane L. Damiano, Mark F. Abel — J Pediatr Orthop · 1997 · cited 233 times

80. Complications of Spine Surgery

    Henry G. Chambers — J Pediatr Orthop · 1990 · cited 233 times

81. Eleven Years Experience in the Operative Management of Pediatric Forearm Fractures

    John M. “Jack” Flynn, Kristofer J. Jones, Matthew R. Garner et al. — J Pediatr Orthop · 2010 · cited 226 times

82. A Modified Technique of the Triple Pelvic Osteotomy: Early Results

    Dietrich Tönnis, Kristin Behrens, F. Tscharani — J Pediatr Orthop · 1981 · cited 225 times

83. Botulinum Toxin Type A Neuromuscular Blockade in the Treatment of Lower Extremity Spasticity in Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

    L. Andrew Koman, James F. Mooney, Beth Paterson Smith et al. — J Pediatr Orthop · 2000 · cited 224 times

84. Natural History of Anterior Knee Pain: A 14- to 20-Year Follow-up of Nonoperative Management

    Gavin Nimon, David G. Murray, Michael J. Sandow et al. — J Pediatr Orthop · 1998 · cited 224 times

85. The Anterior Cruciate Ligament: Current and Future Concepts

    Hank Chambers — J Pediatr Orthop · 1994 · cited 224 times

86. Interlocking Intramedullary Nailing of Femoral-Shaft Fractures in Adolescents: Preliminary Results and Complications

    James H. Beaty, Susan M. Austin, William C. Warner et al. — J Pediatr Orthop · 1994 · cited 224 times

87. New Concept of and Approach to Clubfoot Treatment

    Douglas W. McKay — J Pediatr Orthop · 1983 · cited 222 times

88. Epidemiology of aneurysmal bone cyst in children: a multicenter study and literature review

    J. Cottalorda, Rémi Kohler, Jérôme Sales de Gauzy et al. — J Pediatr Orthop B · 2004 · cited 221 times

89. Complications of Elastic Stable Intramedullary Nail Fixation of Pediatric Femoral Fractures, and How to Avoid Them

    Unni G. Narayanan, Joshua E. Hyman, Andrew M. Wainwright et al. — J Pediatr Orthop · 2004 · cited 220 times

90. Ulnar nerve palsies after percutaneous cross-pinning of supracondylar fractures in children's elbows.

    James Lyons, Edwin Ashley, M. Mark Hoffer — J Pediatr Orthop · 1998 · cited 220 times

91. A Classification of Growth Friendly Spine Implants

    David L. Skaggs, Behrooz A. Akbarnia, John M. “Jack” Flynn et al. — J Pediatr Orthop · 2013 · cited 219 times

92. Epidemiology and Mechanisms of Femur Fractures in Children

    Randall T. Loder, Patrick W. O’Donnell, Judy R. Feinberg — J Pediatr Orthop · 2006 · cited 217 times

93. Displaced pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures: biomechanical analysis of percutaneous pinning techniques.

    Steven S. Lee, Andrew Mahar, Doug Miesen et al. — J Pediatr Orthop · 2002 · cited 216 times

94. Complications of Elastic Stable Intramedullary Nail Fixation of Pediatric Femoral Fractures, and How to Avoid Them

    Unni G. Narayanan, Joshua E. Hyman, Andrew M. Wainwright et al. — J Pediatr Orthop · 2004 · cited 215 times

95. Hip Dislocation in Spastic Cerebral Palsy

    Daniel R. Cooperman, Eugene J. Bartucci, Ellen Dietrick et al. — J Pediatr Orthop · 1987 · cited 215 times

96. The Elbow and Its Disorders

    Dennis R. Wenger — J Pediatr Orthop · 1993 · cited 212 times

97. Building Consensus

    Michael G. Vitale, Matthew D. Riedel, Michael P. Glotzbecker et al. — J Pediatr Orthop · 2013 · cited 211 times

98. Complications of Titanium Elastic Nails for Pediatric Femoral Shaft Fractures

    Scott J. Luhmann, Mario Schootman, Perry L. Schoenecker et al. — J Pediatr Orthop · 2003 · cited 211 times

99. Acute compartment syndrome in children: contemporary diagnosis, treatment, and outcome.

    Donald S. Bae, Rajendra Kumar Kadiyala, Peter M. Waters — J Pediatr Orthop · 2001 · cited 211 times

100. Footprint Analysis During the Growth Period

     José Batista Volpon — J Pediatr Orthop · 1994 · cited 211 times

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