This week in Hand & Upper Extremity

Aug 3–9, 2026 · 22 new studies, 10 reviews · Hand & Upper Extremity archive · All weeks

The new Hand & Upper Extremity research The Reduction sent the week of Aug 3–9, 2026, with the week’s most recent reviews, each with a one-line summary.

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New research

  1. Factors associated with hand clinic non-attendance after emergency department referral at an urban safety-net community hospital.

    Journal of Hand and Microsurgery · Sep 2026 · PubMed

    At an urban safety-net hospital, marginal housing and lack of a primary care provider predicted missed hand clinic follow-up, while bone, tendon, and nailbed injuries predicted better attendance—highlighting targets for improving follow-up rates.

  2. Mapping Population-Level Differences in Brachial Plexus Birth Injury: An International Meta-Analysis.

    Journal of Hand Surgery (American) · Sep 2026 · PubMed

    A global meta-analysis of 71.5 million births found brachial plexus birth injury incidence averages 1.4/1000 but varies widely by country, suggesting unexplored population-level risk factors beyond known clinical predictors.

  3. Three-Dimensional Planning and Patient-Specific Instruments in Complex Forearm Malunion.

    Journal of Wrist Surgery · Aug 2026 · PubMed

    A case report shows 3D planning and patient-specific instruments enabled precise correction of a complex adult both-bone forearm malunion with DRUJ instability, restoring pain-free motion and union.

  4. Longitudinal Changes in Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Carpal Tunnel Release: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

    Journal of Hand Surgery (American) · Aug 2026 · PubMed

    In 82 carpal tunnel release patients, patient-reported outcomes improved clinically by 6-9 months and plateaued at 12-14 months, well before nerve conduction studies normalized, arguing against routine postoperative electrodiagnostics.

  5. Four-Corner Fusion Technique in Two Cases of Acute Perilunate Injury 4C Arthrodesis in Acute Perilunate.

    Journal of Wrist Surgery · Aug 2026 · PubMed

    Two case reports show scaphoid excision with four-corner fusion successfully treated acute perilunate dislocations complicated by severe capitate head osteochondral lesions, achieving union and satisfactory function.

  6. Locked Scapholunate Instability Presenting as a Progressive Injury.

    Journal of Wrist Surgery · Aug 2026 · PubMed

    This case report describes scapholunate instability progressing over six weeks to a locked proximal pole scaphoid dislocation, emphasizing the need for close follow-up to catch progression toward perilunate instability.

  7. Ulnar Impaction Syndrome Secondary to Chronic Monteggia Fracture: A Case Report.

    Journal of Wrist Surgery · Aug 2026 · PubMed

    A case report shows that diaphyseal ulnar-shortening osteotomy alone safely treated ulnar impaction syndrome from a chronic stable Monteggia fracture, without causing proximal radial head migration.

  8. Pediatric and Adolescent Perilunate Injuries: Clinical Presentation, Injury Characteristics, and Outcomes.

    HAND · Aug 07 2026 · PubMed

    In this 15-patient series, pediatric perilunate injuries were rare, often high-energy transscaphoid patterns with treatment delays, yet yielded good-to-excellent functional outcomes without posttraumatic arthritis.

  9. Socioeconomic and Demographic Influences on Trigger Finger Management: A Retrospective Cohort study.

    HAND · Aug 07 2026 · PubMed

    In a cohort of 2,639 trigger finger patients, age, race, and insurance status—but not education, sex, or comorbidities—independently influenced likelihood of surgical release, revealing socioeconomic disparities in care.

  10. Modified Partial Radial to Axillary Nerve Transfer as the Index Procedure for Isolated Axillary Nerve Injury.

    Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery · Aug 07 2026 · PubMed

    In 16 patients with isolated axillary nerve injury, using partial radial-to-axillary nerve transfer as the first-line surgical treatment produced significant gains in shoulder strength and motion without donor-site morbidity, even when performed late.

  11. The impact of socioeconomic factors on the incidence of paediatric hand and forearm injuries in Sweden.

    Journal of Hand Surgery (European) · Aug 06 2026 · PubMed

    In a Swedish registry study, adolescents from higher socioeconomic areas had more fractures/sprains while young children in low-socioeconomic areas had more burns/crush injuries, highlighting need for targeted prevention.

  12. Outcomes of Implant Removal After Failed Radial Head Arthroplasty:An Average 7-Year Follow-up Study.

    Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery · Aug 06 2026 · PubMed

    In 25 elbows followed ~7 years after removal of failed radial head implants, most patients improved and pain from loosening resolved in 76%, supporting implant removal as a viable salvage option despite risk of proximal radioulnar impingement.

  13. Fingertip Forces and Thenar Pressure During Instrument Use in Simulated Meniscectomy: A Comparative Study of Rongeur and Forceps.

    HAND · Aug 04 2026 · PubMed

    In a simulated meniscectomy study, pituitary rongeurs produced significantly higher finger and thenar forces than Ferris-Smith forceps, suggesting rongeur use may contribute more to surgeon hand/thumb strain.

  14. Reconstruction of a Base of Fifth Metacarpal Tumor Using the Dubert Procedure: A Case Report.

    HAND · Aug 04 2026 · PubMed

    A case report describes using the Dubert procedure (fusing the fifth to fourth metacarpal shaft with bone graft) to reconstruct a resected fifth metacarpal base tumor, preserving stability and motion at 6-month follow-up.

  15. Relationship Between Bone Density and Loss of Reduction in Distal Radius Fractures Treated With Volar Locking Plate in Patients Older Than 65 Years.

    HAND · Aug 04 2026 · PubMed

    In patients over 65 with distal radius fractures treated with volar locking plates, second metacarpal cortical percentage (a bone density surrogate) did not predict loss of reduction—screw positioning and fracture severity mattered more.

  16. Can Artificial Intelligence Assess Distal Radius Fracture Stability?

    HAND · Aug 04 2026 · PubMed

    AI chatbots (ChatGPT, Claude) showed only fair-to-moderate agreement with hand surgeons in classifying distal radius fracture stability, and are not yet reliable for clinical triage.

  17. Tattoo preservation in upper limb surgery: current practice and a patient-centred decision algorithm.

    Journal of Hand Surgery (European) · Aug 02 2026 · PubMed

    A survey of 225 hand/upper limb surgeons found 77% would incise directly through a tattoo overlying a planned incision rather than preserve it, prompting a proposed patient-centered decision algorithm (ART) for consent discussions.

  18. Dual-pedicle FDMA flap with intraoperative perfusion testing: a decision-making strategy for reliable thumb reconstruction.

    Journal of Hand Surgery (European) · Aug 02 2026 · PubMed

    A dual-pedicle FDMA flap with intraoperative perfusion testing achieved 100% flap survival and good sensory/functional outcomes in 30 patients undergoing complex thumb reconstruction.

  19. An international survey of 262 hand surgeons on the diagnosis and treatment of thumb ulnar collateral ligament injuries.

    Journal of Hand and Microsurgery · Jul 2026 · PubMed

    An international survey of 262 hand surgeons found strong consensus on surgical treatment for Stener lesions and displaced avulsion fractures but notable variation in managing complete UCL tears without a Stener lesion, pointing to need for better evidence.

  20. Evaluating Associations Between Health Equity and High-Quality Care in Hand and Upper-Extremity Care: A Systematic Review.

    Journal of Hand Surgery (American) · Jul 2026 · PubMed

    A systematic review of 75 studies found socioeconomic status, especially insurance status, is the most common social determinant linked to delays in accessing and receiving hand/upper-extremity care.

  21. Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Use and Postoperative Outcomes After Distal Radius Fracture Fixation in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes.

    HAND · Jun 06 2026 · PubMed

    In a matched cohort of diabetic patients with distal radius fracture fixation, preoperative GLP-1 receptor agonist use was not linked to increased complications and was associated with fewer 180-day ED visits/readmissions, supporting perioperative safety.

  22. Shared decision making in the treatment of type B ulnar polydactyly: a systematic review and meta-analysis on parental satisfaction and complications.

    Journal of Hand Surgery (European) · Jun 05 2026 · PubMed

    This meta-analysis found excision under local anesthesia for type B ulnar polydactyly gave the highest parental satisfaction and lowest complication rates compared to suture ligation or excision under general anesthesia.

Recent reviews

  1. Dupuytren's disease: a state-of-the-art review.

    Journal of Hand Surgery (European) · Jul 10 2026 · PubMed

    This state-of-the-art review covers Dupuytren's disease epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, and current non-surgical and surgical treatment options.

  2. Nerve transfers and central nervous system control in brachial plexus and peripheral nerve injuries: towards a balanced reconstructive strategy.

    Journal of Hand Surgery (European) · Jun 2026 · PubMed

    This narrative review argues that successful nerve transfer outcomes depend heavily on central nervous system neuroplasticity, not just peripheral reconstruction, and outlines its benefits and inherent limitations for reconstructive planning.

  3. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons/ASSH Clinical Practice Guideline Summary Management of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.

    Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons · Apr 01 2025 · PubMed

    AAOS/ASSH evidence-based guideline offers nine recommendations for diagnosing and treating carpal tunnel syndrome in adults, while identifying gaps for future research.

  4. Management of the infected total elbow arthroplasty.

    The Bone & Joint Journal · Nov 01 2024 · PubMed

    This review outlines management strategies for infected total elbow arthroplasty, noting DAIR succeeds in under a third of acute cases while staged retention and two-stage reimplantation both achieve 70-80% success.

  5. Electrical Stimulation: Enhancing Axonal Growth following Peripheral Nerve Injury.

    Journal of Hand Surgery (Asian-Pacific) · Oct 2024 · PubMed

    Reviews evidence that brief intraoperative electrical stimulation may accelerate peripheral nerve axon regeneration and improve outcomes after nerve injury repair, based on animal and early human studies.

  6. Distal nerve transfers for peripheral nerve injuries: indications and outcomes.

    Journal of Hand Surgery (European) · Jun 2024 · PubMed

    This review outlines how distal nerve transfers redirect healthy expendable nerves close to target muscles/skin to speed reinnervation with minimal donor morbidity, improving outcomes in peripheral nerve, brachial plexus, and spinal cord injuries.

  7. Evolution and Application of Ultrasound for Flap Planning in Upper Extremity Reconstruction.

    Hand Clinics · May 2024 · PubMed

    Reviews how preoperative ultrasound mapping of perforators improves accuracy, safety, and efficiency in planning upper extremity flap reconstructions.

  8. Complications after total wrist arthroplasty.

    Journal of Hand Surgery (European) · Feb 2024 · PubMed

    This review found fourth-generation total wrist arthroplasty has acceptable early complication rates but frequent late loosening/osteolysis, with 70-80% 10-year survival and revision arthroplasty faring worse than arthrodesis.

  9. A Comparison of Treatment of OCD Lesions of the Capitellum With Osteochondral Autograft and Allograft Transplantation.

    Journal of Hand Surgery (American) · Feb 2024 · PubMed

    Review with case examples on choosing osteochondral autograft versus allograft for treating large, unstable capitellar OCD lesions in overhead athletes.

  10. Managing Difficult Problems in Small Joint Arthroplasty: Challenges, Complications, and Revisions.

    Hand Clinics · Aug 2023 · PubMed

    This review outlines strategies for managing common complications—fracture, dislocation, pain, stiffness, and instability—following MCP, PIP, and CMC joint arthroplasty.

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