Real-World Evidence: A Review of Real-World Data Sources Used in Orthopaedic Research.

Real-world data (RWD) play an increasingly important role in orthopaedics as demonstrated by the rapidly growing number of publications using registry, administrative, and other databases. Each type of RWD source has its strengths and weaknesses, as does each specific database. Linkages between real-world data sets provide even greater utility and value for research than single data sources. The unique qualities of an RWD data source and all data linkages should be considered before use. Close attention to data quality and use of appropriate analysis methods can help alleviate concerns about validity of orthopaedic studies using RWD. This article describes the main types of RWD used in orthopaedics and provides brief descriptions and a sample listing of publications from selected, key data sources.