Posterior Humeral Avulsion of the Glenohumeral Ligament: A Critical Analysis Review.

➢: Posterior humeral avulsions of the inferior glenohumeral ligament represent an increasingly recognized but likely underdiagnosed source of posterior shoulder instability and pain.

➢: Injuries are commonly reported in athletic individuals who have sustained injury by either traumatic or atraumatic mechanisms; the ligament is most susceptible to injury with the shoulder in flexion, adduction, and internal rotation.

➢: Posterior humeral avulsions of the glenohumeral ligament often occur in the setting of concurrent injuries to the posterior or inferior labrum.

➢: Diagnosis is often challenging due to nonspecific symptoms and physical examination findings; a magnetic resonance arthrogram generally is utilized to identify avulsion from the humeral attachment; however, a definitive diagnosis is often made at the time of arthroscopic evaluation.

➢: In patients with persistent discomfort and limitations following nonoperative management, operative fixation, primarily utilizing arthroscopic techniques, can be performed to restore motion and glenohumeral stability.