Comparison of individually packed metalwork and on-the-tray metalwork: A review of clinical risks.

The use of metalwork, such as screws and plates, is common in orthopaedic trauma surgery, with a recent trend towards individually packed metalwork owing to concerns about sterilization efficacy and traceability. Despite this, there is no clinical evidence proving clinical risk from repeat sterilization of metalworks used in orthopaedic trauma of either increased infection rates or loosening or implant failure. On the contrary, the use of individually packed metalworks presents several practical challenges, including higher costs, increased risks of contamination, longer operative times and a larger carbon footprint. This review underscores the need for further validation of individually packed metalwork in orthopaedic trauma surgery.