Preoperative Optimization Strategies in Elective Spine Surgery.

» Although spine surgery is effective in reducing pain and improving functional status, it is associated with unacceptably high rates of complications, thus necessitating comprehensive preoperative patient optimization.» Numerous risk factors that can impact long-term surgical outcomes have been identified, including malnutrition, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, substance use, and more.» Preoperative screening and personalized, evidence-based interventions to manage medical comorbidities and optimize medications can enhance clinical outcomes and improve patient satisfaction following spine surgery.» Multidisciplinary team-based approaches, such as enhanced recovery after surgery protocols and multidisciplinary conferences, can further facilitate coordinated care from across specialties and reduce overall hospital length of stay.