Advancements and applications of 3D printing in pediatric orthopedics: A comprehensive review.

Preoperative planning is crucial for successful surgical outcomes. 3D printing technology has revolutionized surgical planning by enabling the creation and manufacturing of patient-specific models and instruments. This review explores the applications of 3D printing in pediatric orthopedics, focusing on image acquisition, segmentation, 3D model creation, and printing techniques within specific applications, including pediatric limb deformities, pediatric orthopedic oncology, and pediatric spinal deformities. 3D printing simultaneously enhances surgical precision while reducing operative time, reduces complications, and improves patient outcomes in various pediatric orthopedic conditions. 3D printing is a transformative technology in pediatric orthopedics, offering significant advantages in preoperative planning, surgical execution, and postoperative care.