Atraumatic Disorders of the Pediatric Spinal Cord and Brachial Plexus.

While brachial plexus birth injury is a relatively common condition with an incidence of approximately 1.5 in 1,000 live births, pediatric nonobstetric brachial plexus injuries are more rare. Among nonobstetric causes of brachial plexus dysfunction, trauma is the most common, while other etiologies include thoracic outlet syndrome, acute flaccid myelitis, Parsonage-Turner syndrome, and various oncologic etiologies. The presentation and pattern of injury of each patient is unique despite having the commonality of a brachial plexus injury. As such, treatment algorithms can be complex, and outcomes unpredictable. The aim of this review is to provide a basis of information on which a clinician can appropriately manage pediatric or adolescent patients with brachial plexus injuries of various etiologies.