Clinical efficacy to climate accountability : the case for embedding environmental outcomes in orthopaedic trials.

There is increasing global recognition of the importance of sustainability in the design and delivery of healthcare, including trauma and orthopaedics. There has, however, to date been little focus on providing high-quality research which includes environmental outcomes to guide clinical practice. This annotation explores the importance of including sustainability outcomes using three key carbon-related domains, and highlights the urgent need for the incorporation of sustainability outcomes into future clinical trials.