Epidemiological patterns and surgical outcomes of pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures: a focus on domestic safety and seasonal variations.

INTRODUCTION: Supracondylar humerus fractures (SHFs) are prevalent pediatric elbow injuries. This study investigates the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and treatment outcomes of pediatric SHFs to identify preventive strategies.

METHODS: This retrospective study included 298 pediatric patients (aged ≤14 years) treated for SHFs between December 2018 and June 2024. Demographic data, injury mechanisms, seasonal variations, and surgical details were analyzed. Radiological reduction was assessed via the Baumann angle and anterior humeral line. Functional outcomes were evaluated using Flynn's criteria.

RESULTS: The study cohort (mean age 6.1 years; 58.7% male) predominantly sustained extension-type fractures (96.3%), with the severely displaced Gartland Type III being the most frequent (49.3%). The incidence of injuries peaked during the summer months and school holidays, with the majority occurring at home (64.1%) due to simple falls (93%). Surgical intervention, consisting of closed reduction and percutaneous pinning, was necessitated in 75.8% of cases, with a mean time-to-surgery of 4.6 h. Satisfactory (excellent and good) functional outcomes were achieved in 97.9% of the patients. Overall complication rates were minimal, and transient nerve injuries (2%) fully resolved spontaneously during follow-up.

CONCLUSION: Pediatric SHFs frequently occur in domestic settings during the summer months, strongly highlighting the need for "safe home" modifications and parental education. Despite a high prevalence of severely displaced fractures, prompt surgical intervention and meticulous anatomical reduction yield excellent long-term functional outcomes and minimize complications.