Latest research on periprosthetic joint infection

36 papers, newest 30 shown · updated 2026-09-26 · Adult Reconstruction · All topics

The newest papers on periprosthetic joint infection from the orthopaedic journals The Reduction reads, newest first, each with a one-line summary. The list is drawn from the digest’s archive and refreshed every week.

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Recent papers

  1. Sobering Outcomes after Two-Stage Revision for Periprosthetic Joint Infection Among Patients Who Have Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty Components.

    Journal of Arthroplasty · Sep 19 2026 · PubMed

    Explantation of infected revision TKA components carries high morbidity, with only 35% 10-year survivorship free of reoperation and frequent reinfection, complications, and amputation.

  2. Factors associated with periprosthetic joint infection following total knee arthroplasty: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

    Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery · Sep 04 2026 · PubMed

    This meta-analysis of 25 studies identifies male sex, obesity, diabetes, smoking, transfusion, high ASA score, and several perioperative factors as associated with periprosthetic joint infection after TKA.

  3. Prosthetic Joint Infection After Total Ankle Arthroplasty: A Propensity-Matched Analysis of Risk Factors and Outcomes.

    Foot & Ankle International · Aug 26 2026 · PubMed

    In 1008 total ankle arthroplasties, prosthetic joint infection occurred in 2.7% of cases, with concomitant calcaneal displacement osteotomy raising infection risk nearly 10-fold, though most cases achieved limb salvage with contemporary treatment.

  4. Incidence and Risk Factors for Periprosthetic Joint Infection in Patients Undergoing Primary Total Joint Arthroplasty Who have a History of Surgically Treated Periprosthetic Joint Infection in Another Joint.

    Journal of Arthroplasty · Aug 24 2026 · PubMed

    In patients with prior surgically treated PJI in another joint, subsequent primary TJA carried a low 1.5% one-year PJI rate comparable to controls, though prior one/two-stage revision (versus DAIR) and higher comorbidity burden raised risk.

  5. Does the Timing of Antibiotic Administration Affect Culture Results During Resection for Periprosthetic Joint Infection?

    Journal of Arthroplasty · Aug 24 2026 · PubMed

    Withholding antibiotics until intraoperative cultures are obtained during PJI resection reduced culture discordance and improved reimplantation success (90% vs 79.6%) compared to giving antibiotics beforehand.

  6. Elevated Risk of Periprosthetic Joint Infection and Revision in Patients Who Have Psoriasis after Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Propensity-Matched Cohort Analysis.

    Journal of Arthroplasty · Aug 17 2026 · PubMed

    Psoriasis before TKA raises 90-day risk of DVT and wound disruption, and 2-year risk of PJI and revision, so these patients need closer perioperative attention.

  7. Evaluation of Acid Production as a Metabolic Phenotype in Cutibacterium acnes Shoulder Periprosthetic Joint Infections.

    Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery · Aug 13 2026 · PubMed

    Clindamycin-resistant C. acnes isolates produced less acid than susceptible strains, but acid production alone showed only modest diagnostic value for shoulder periprosthetic infection.

  8. Modular intramedullary knee arthrodesis for chronic periprosthetic joint infection after total knee arthroplasty: Patient-reported satisfaction and functional outcomes.

    The Knee · Aug 12 2026 · PubMed

    In 15 patients treated with cemented modular intramedullary nail knee arthrodesis for chronic PJI, infection control and stability were reliably achieved with good satisfaction, though taller patients and those with more prior surgeries fared worse psychologically.

  9. Failure Rates After Treatment of Periprosthetic Joint Infection Using Musculoskeletal Infection Society Outcome Reporting Tool, Delphi, and Clinical Outcome Definitions.

    Journal of Arthroplasty · Aug 08 2026 · PubMed

    In 198 PJI cases, failure rates were similarly high (~41-47%) across MSIS-ORT, Delphi, and clinical definitions, but the frameworks disagreed at the individual patient level, showing outcome reporting choice matters.

  10. One- vs. Two-Stage Exchange for Chronic Hip Periprosthetic Joint Infection: A Framework Based on Patient Treatment Burden and Institutional Capability.

    JBJS Reviews · Aug 01 2026 · Review · PubMed

    This review argues that choosing between one- and two-stage exchange for chronic hip PJI should weigh patient treatment burden and institutional protocol capability rather than relying solely on traditional selection criteria, given comparable infection-eradication rates at experienced centers.

  11. Harnessing the Biologic Power of Bacteriophages to Improve the Treatment of Periprosthetic Joint Infection: Barriers and Future Directions.

    Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American) · Jul 28 2026 · PubMed

    This expert review outlines the therapeutic promise of bacteriophage therapy as an adjunct for periprosthetic joint infection while identifying key translational barriers limiting its clinical adoption.

  12. Trauma-Related Arthroplasty Is Associated With Earlier and Microbiologically Distinct Periprosthetic Joint Infection: A 20-Year Single-Center Study.

    Journal of Arthroplasty · Jul 13 2026 · PubMed

    In this 20-year cohort, trauma-related PJI struck earlier and involved different pathogens (more gram-negatives, Enterococcus, Candida; fewer Streptococci) than elective PJI, with higher early mortality but similar cure rates, arguing for tailored perioperative protocols in trauma arthroplasty.

  13. Incidence, cost, and risk factors for early sepsis following revision total knee arthroplasty for periprosthetic joint infection.

    The Knee · Jul 13 2026 · PubMed

    About 14% of revision TKA patients treated for periprosthetic joint infection developed sepsis within 90 days, driven by male sex, renal failure, smoking, obesity, comorbidity burden, and hypoalbuminemia, adding substantial cost.

  14. Single-use surgical gowns are associated with an increased rate of periprosthetic joint infection : analysis of 9,239 primary hip and knee arthroplasties from a single centre.

    The Bone & Joint Journal · Jul 01 2026 · PubMed

    Single-use surgical gowns are independently associated with increased periprosthetic joint infection rates compared to reusable gowns after hip and knee arthroplasty.

  15. Emerging Concepts in Periprosthetic Joint Infection Research: Infection Recurrence and Microbe Persistence.

    Journal of Arthroplasty · Jun 2026 · Review · PubMed

    This review highlights emerging mechanisms—like bacterial dormancy, intracellular persistence, and microbiome dysbiosis—that may explain recurrent periprosthetic joint infections despite treatment, suggesting a shift toward infection control rather than eradication.

  16. Facility Cost Differences Between Single-stage and Two-stage Exchange for Chronic Periprosthetic Joint Infection: A Time-driven Activity-based Costing Analysis.

    Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons · Jun 18 2026 · PubMed

    Single-stage exchange for periprosthetic joint infection costs markedly less than two-stage procedures while achieving comparable infection control when strict surgical criteria are met.

  17. Impact of Intervention Timing on the Failure of Debridement, Antibiotics, and Implant Retention for Acute Postoperative Periprosthetic Joint Infections: A Contemporary United States Population-Level Analysis.

    Journal of Arthroplasty · Jun 18 2026 · PubMed

    DAIR for acute postoperative periprosthetic joint infection has stable failure rates through 7 weeks; risk accelerates significantly beyond this threshold.

  18. Transfusions are Associated with an Elevated Risk of Venous Thromboembolism and Periprosthetic Joint Infection following Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty.

    Journal of Arthroplasty · Jun 17 2026 · PubMed

    Blood transfusions after revision TKA increase pulmonary embolism, DVT, and periprosthetic infection risks within 90 days.

  19. Emerging Concepts in Periprosthetic Joint Infection Research: RNA, DNA, and Protein Sequencing Tools for the Characterization and Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infection.

    Journal of Arthroplasty · May 14 2026 · PubMed

    Next-generation sequencing tools improve detection of organisms and host response in culture-negative periprosthetic joint infections, guiding targeted antimicrobial therapy.

  20. Antibiotic Holiday in 2-Stage Exchange for Periprosthetic Joint Infection: A Scoping Review.

    Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American) · Nov 19 2025 · Review · PubMed

    Continuous antibiotic therapy demonstrates lower treatment failure rates than antibiotic holiday during 2-stage exchange for periprosthetic joint infection without requiring extended between-stage intervals.

  21. The length of antibiotic treatment in patients with periprosthetic joint infection : balancing evidence and experience.

    The Bone & Joint Journal · Nov 01 2025 · Review · PubMed

    This review argues that shorter antibiotic courses and earlier oral transition may be as effective as prolonged therapy for periprosthetic joint infection, though evidence quality remains limited.

  22. AAOS Clinical Practice Guideline Summary Prevention of Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Periprosthetic Joint Infection in Patients Undergoing Dental Procedures.

    Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons · Nov 01 2025 · Review · PubMed

    This AAOS guideline summary provides evidence-based recommendations on dental screening, antibiotic prophylaxis, and procedure timing to prevent periprosthetic joint infection after hip or knee arthroplasty.

  23. Shoulder Periprosthetic Joint Infection: Principles of Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment.

    Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American) · Dec 04 2024 · Review · PubMed

    This review outlines key principles for preventing, diagnosing, and treating shoulder periprosthetic joint infection, emphasizing its distinct low-virulence organism profile (notably C. acnes) and chronicity-based treatment algorithms.

  24. Optimizing debridement and implant retention in acute periprosthetic joint infections.

    The Bone & Joint Journal · Dec 01 2024 · Review · PubMed

    This review argues that debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention remains a viable option for acute periprosthetic joint infection, and outlines key factors (timing, staging, team, antibiotics, implant considerations) that optimize DAIR success.

  25. Diagnosis and Management of Periprosthetic Joint Infections After Total Ankle Arthroplasty.

    Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons · Aug 15 2024 · Review · PubMed

    A review outlining risk factors, diagnostic workup, and staged surgical management (debridement, two-stage revision, arthrodesis, amputation) for periprosthetic joint infection after total ankle arthroplasty.

  26. Serum and Synovial Markers in the Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infection of the Hip, Knee, and Shoulder: An Algorithmic Approach.

    Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American) · Jul 03 2024 · Review · PubMed

    This review outlines an algorithmic approach using serum and synovial markers for diagnosing periprosthetic joint infection across hip, knee, and shoulder, noting shoulder-specific criteria are still lacking.

  27. No Difference in the Rate of Periprosthetic Joint Infection in Patients Undergoing the Posterolateral Compared to the Direct Anterior Approach.

    Journal of Arthroplasty · Jun 2023 · Review · PubMed

    In 16,500 THAs, direct anterior approach carried higher risk of superficial infection reoperation than posterolateral, but PJI risk was unaffected by approach and driven mainly by BMI.

  28. Is the routine use of local antibiotics in the management of periprosthetic joint infections justified?

    Hip International · Jan 2023 · Review · PubMed

    Local antibiotic delivery (powders, cement, calcium sulphate) in PJI management lacks level-1 evidence and shouldn't replace adherence to established debridement and systemic therapy guidelines.

  29. Antibiotic Spacers for Shoulder Periprosthetic Joint Infection: A Review.

    Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons · Oct 01 2022 · Review · PubMed

    This review contextualizes antibiotic cement spacers for shoulder periprosthetic joint infection, covering their history, types, antibiotic dosing, efficacy, and complications within two-stage revision treatment.

  30. Management of Periprosthetic Joint Infections After Hemiarthroplasty of the Hip: A Critical Analysis Review.

    JBJS Reviews · Sep 01 2022 · Review · PubMed

    Reviews periprosthetic joint infection after hip hemiarthroplasty, highlighting risk factors, differing microbiology, and the need for multidisciplinary surgical-antibiotic management.

Landmark papers

  1. New Definition for Periprosthetic Joint Infection: From the Workgroup of the Musculoskeletal Infection Society

    Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research · 2011 · cited 1,929 times · PubMed

    The MSIS workgroup establishes standardized diagnostic criteria for periprosthetic joint infection, combining sinus tract, culture, and lab/histologic thresholds to unify clinical and research definitions.

  2. Economic Burden of Periprosthetic Joint Infection in the United States

    Journal of Arthroplasty · 2012 · cited 1,707 times · PubMed

    US periprosthetic joint infection rates and costs rose sharply from 2001-2009, with projected annual hospital costs exceeding $1.62 billion by 2020, underscoring PJI's growing economic burden.

  3. Periprosthetic Joint Infection: The Incidence, Timing, and Predisposing Factors

    Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research · 2008 · cited 1,367 times · PubMed

    In nearly 9,300 primary hip/knee arthroplasties, periprosthetic infection occurred in 0.7% (mostly within the first year), with risk raised by higher ASA score, morbid obesity, bilateral surgery, knee arthroplasty, transfusion, and postoperative complications like UTI or atrial fibrillation.

  4. Proceedings of the International Consensus on Periprosthetic Joint Infection

    The Bone & Joint Journal · 2013 · cited 1,108 times · PubMed

    International consensus on periprosthetic joint infection summarizes current prevention and management practices addressing variation in protocols across orthopedic centers worldwide.

  5. Definition of Periprosthetic Joint Infection

    Journal of Arthroplasty · 2014 · cited 913 times · PubMed

    Definition of periprosthetic joint infection.

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