Staple Technology for Fracture Fixation and Joint Arthrodesis.

The use of staple technology in the upper extremity has continued to evolve with the development of shape-memory alloys (SMAs) such as Nitinol that display superelastic properties that can be exploited for persistent compression. Clinical and biomechanical studies support the use of SMA staples for upper extremity fracture fixation and joint arthrodesis. To optimize biomechanical strength and clinical outcomes, it is recommended to place two staples, if possible, at the site of interest as well as to trough the staples to prevent hardware prominence.