Sep 28 – Oct 4, 2026 · 19 new studies, 10 reviews · Shoulder & Elbow archive · All weeks
The new Shoulder & Elbow research The Reduction sent the week of Sep 28 – Oct 4, 2026, with the week’s most recent reviews, each with a one-line summary.
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In a survey of 224 ASES members, 89% recommended dental antibiotic prophylaxis after total shoulder arthroplasty, more often if they had seen a dental-related PJI, and most supported shoulder-specific guidelines.
In a mouse subacromial impingement model, CCR2 knockout reduced early macrophage activation and histologic tendinopathy but did not improve tendon biomechanics, flagging CCR2 as a possible target for modulating early inflammation.
From 2013 to 2023 Medicare data, subacromial decompression and distal clavicle excision fell sharply while biceps tenodesis more than doubled, with inflation-adjusted reimbursement declining for all three and persistent regional and rural disparities.
On 3D CT, shoulders with anterior instability had a greater glenoid index and reduced glenoid depth, also seen in the contralateral unaffected shoulder versus controls, suggesting a constitutional bony predisposition.
After MLB's 2023 pitch clock, pitcher upper extremity injuries involved about 6 more recovery days and a greater share of elbow injuries, independent of rising fastball velocity.
A ResNet50 transfer-learning model detected pediatric supracondylar fractures on radiographs with about 90% accuracy, statistically comparable to emergency physicians, but it missed nondisplaced Gartland I fractures and needs prospective validation.
In a retrospective cohort of 123 patients, biceps tenodesis maintaining physiologic (isotension) tendon tension gave better ASES, Constant, and biceps scores and stronger elbow flexion than low-tension fixation, with similar Popeye sign rates.
In 53 patients with irreparable supraspinatus tears, middle trapezius tendon transfer after a failed cuff repair gave pain, function, and motion improvements comparable to primary transfer, with high tendon integrity.
MLB pitchers returning from a nonoperative forearm flexor strain had about 3 times the 1-year hazard of UCL surgery versus matched controls (9.8% vs 4.1%); longer recovery time was associated with lower risk, likely as a marker rather than protective.
In 23 children with septic shoulder arthritis, nearly half developed physeal arrest or worse deformity, especially neonates and those with multifocal infection, per a new proposed radiologic classification.
This international expert consensus establishes standardized recommendations for diagnosing, nonoperatively managing, and surgically repairing posterosuperior rotator cuff tears based on strong surgeon agreement.
In a cadaveric irreparable rotator cuff tear model, rotator cable reconstruction combined with biologic tuberoplasty restored muscle forces near intact levels and improved scapular strain distribution versus tuberoplasty alone.
A European consensus on partial-thickness posterosuperior rotator cuff tears recommends individualized care, with non-surgical treatment first and no surgical technique consistently superior; trans-tendon repair of articular-sided tears raises postoperative stiffness risk.
At 2-year follow-up, 40mm polyethylene glenospheres performed equivalently to 36mm cobalt chrome glenospheres in reverse shoulder arthroplasty, with fewer glenoid radiolucencies and complications in the polyethylene group.
In 192 arthroscopic Bankart repairs with at least 2 years of follow-up, knotless and knotted all-suture anchors gave comparable revision rates, patient-reported scores, and return to sport (95% of competitive athletes).
Placing the most inferior suture anchor at the 6 o'clock position during arthroscopic Bankart repair significantly reduced recurrence rates and improved clinical outcomes compared to non-6 o'clock placement.
In 25 patients with acute posterior sternoclavicular dislocation, emergency medial clavicle resection gave excellent 12-month QuickDASH scores, 100% return to work and sport, and only three superficial wound infections.
In a large insurance database matched cohort, alcohol use disorder was associated with markedly higher 90-day complications (19% vs 3.4%), readmissions, and costs after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.
Geographic Distribution of Shoulder Arthroplasty in the United States: A Rural-Urban Analysis.
Shoulder arthroplasty volume tripled from 2013 to 2024, yet surgeons stay concentrated in urban areas (89%); growth reached large and small towns but not rural areas, and revisions were almost entirely urban.
Magnetic Resonance Neurography of Sports-Related Peripheral Nerve Injuries of the Shoulder Region.
Narrative review of how MR neurography complements exam and electrodiagnostics in localizing sports-related shoulder nerve injuries, including brachial plexus trauma, thoracic outlet syndrome, axillary nerve stretch, and postsurgical nerve problems.
Structural balance restoration in complex forearm problems using 3D technology.
Describes a surgeon-engineer 3D imaging, planning, and printing workflow for restoring bone and soft-tissue balance in complex forearm malunions and deformities.
Advances in the Management of Sternoclavicular Joint Injuries.
Review of sternoclavicular joint injuries: CT is the preferred imaging, acute posterior dislocations warrant aggressive reduction, and ligament reconstruction or fixation works, but mediastinal vascular risk calls for thoracic or vascular surgeon backup.
Treatment of Distal Clavicle Fractures in Adults: Evidence-Based Strategies for Treatment.
Nondisplaced distal clavicle fractures do well without surgery, while displaced Neer type II and V fractures carry high nonunion risk (31%-37%) and warrant fixation, though no consensus exists on technique and implant removal is common, especially hook plates.
Subacromial balloon spacers improve pain and function in observational studies, but randomized trials are mixed (noninferior to partial repair, worse than debridement alone), so routine use for massive irreparable cuff tears isn't recommended beyond select elderly patients.
Shoulder-to-Elbow Humeral Malunions: Current Concepts and Review of the Literature.
This review outlines current management strategies for humeral malunions from shoulder to elbow, including osteotomy, arthroscopy, and arthroplasty depending on location and severity.
Shoulder Arthroplasty: Current Evidence and Techniques on Infection Diagnosis and Treatment.
This review summarizes current diagnostic and treatment strategies for prosthetic joint infection following shoulder arthroplasty as this complication becomes more common.
Shoulder Arthroplasty: Current Evidence and Techniques on Infection Prevention.
This review summarizes current evidence-based strategies—preoperative optimization, antibiotic prophylaxis, and draping techniques—for preventing prosthetic joint infection after shoulder arthroplasty.
Pseudoparalysis and Pseudoparesis of the Shoulder: Definitions, Management, and Outcomes.
This review addresses inconsistent definitions of shoulder pseudoparalysis versus pseudoparesis and surveys management options, from arthroplasty to cuff repair, tendon transfer, and pain-directed procedures, along with their outcomes.
Lateralization and inclination angle in reverse arthroplasty-what do we know?
This review notes that decreasing inclination and increasing lateralization in reverse shoulder arthroplasty reduce notching but lack strong evidence for improved rotation and raise risks of glenoid loosening and acromial fractures.
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